North American Desert
The Sonoran and Chihuahuan deserts of the US Southwest and Mexico.
About the North American Desert
The Sonoran and Chihuahuan deserts of the American Southwest and northern Mexico are, by desert standards, remarkably rich — the Sonoran in particular receives rain in two separate seasons, which supports far more plant life than a single-season desert can. Saguaro and other columnar cacti function as habitat in their own right, holding nest cavities excavated by woodpeckers and used afterwards by owls, flycatchers and bats. Most desert activity happens at night or in the narrow windows around dawn and dusk, and much of the animal life spends the day underground in burrows where temperature and humidity are far more forgiving. Summer monsoon storms trigger sudden pulses of breeding in amphibians that have waited underground, in some cases for years.
Most-recorded wild species here
Photographed and identified by iNaturalist contributors in this region, ordered by number of records.


















Full species checklist
A further 291 species recorded in the North American Desert.
| Common name | Scientific name | Group | Records |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adejeania vexatrix | Adejeania vexatrix | Insects | 192 |
| Common Raven | Corvus corax | Birds | 191 |
| Coyote | Canis latrans | Mammals | 191 |
| Tyrell's Tufted Jumping Spider | Phidippus tyrrelli | Arachnids | 191 |
| Glorious Jewel Scarab | Chrysina gloriosa | Insects | 190 |
| Cactus Bee | Diadasia rinconis | Insects | 190 |
| Brown Wasp Mantidfly | Climaciella brunnea | Insects | 189 |
| Western Black-necked Gartersnake | Thamnophis cyrtopsis cyrtopsis | Reptiles | 189 |
| Eastern Yellow-bellied Racer | Coluber constrictor flaviventris | Reptiles | 189 |
| Buttonhook Leafbeetle Jumping Spider | Sassacus vitis | Arachnids | 188 |
| Large Creosote Gall Midge | Asphondylia auripila | Insects | 188 |
| Apogonalia omani | Apogonalia omani | Insects | 187 |
| Ethmia lassenella | Ethmia lassenella | Insects | 187 |
| Black-tailed Ringtail | Erpetogomphus molossus | Insects | 186 |
| Habronattus festus | Habronattus festus | Arachnids | 186 |
| Greater Roadrunner | Geococcyx californianus | Birds | 185 |
| Chlorochroa opuntiae | Chlorochroa opuntiae | Insects | 185 |
| Green Heron | Butorides virescens | Birds | 184 |
| Novomessor cockerelli | Novomessor cockerelli | Insects | 184 |
| Western Sandpiper | Calidris mauri | Birds | 183 |
| Systropus arizonicus | Systropus arizonicus | Insects | 183 |
| Southern Rockies Fritillary | Argynnis atlantis sorocko | Insects | 183 |
| Dinardilla liometopi | Dinardilla liometopi | Insects | 182 |
| Clearwing Borer Moth | Eichlinia snowii | Insects | 182 |
| Black-tailed Prairie Dog | Cynomys ludovicianus | Mammals | 181 |
| Regal Ringneck Snake | Diadophis punctatus regalis | Reptiles | 181 |
| Sassacus papenhoei | Sassacus papenhoei | Arachnids | 180 |
| Great Blue Heron | Ardea herodias | Birds | 179 |
| North American Mountain Lion | Puma concolor couguar | Mammals | 179 |
| Triopasites penniger | Triopasites penniger | Insects | 179 |
| Sceptobius schmitti | Sceptobius schmitti | Insects | 178 |
| Poecilognathus unimaculatus | Poecilognathus unimaculatus | Insects | 177 |
| Socorro Isopod | Thermosphaeroma thermophilum | Other animals | 177 |
| Pheidole rhea | Pheidole rhea | Insects | 176 |
| Arizona Gray Fox | Urocyon cinereoargenteus scottii | Mammals | 176 |
| Arizona Carpenter Bee | Xylocopa californica arizonensis | Insects | 175 |
| Checkered Garter Snake | Thamnophis marcianus | Reptiles | 175 |
| Neivamyrmex melanocephalus | Neivamyrmex melanocephalus | Insects | 174 |
| Spotted Towhee | Pipilo maculatus | Birds | 174 |
| Allen's Big-eared Bat | Idionycteris phyllotis | Mammals | 173 |
| Black Bladder-bodied Meloid | Cysteodemus wislizeni | Insects | 173 |
| Sonoran Tiger Mantis | Stagmomantis clauseni | Insects | 172 |
| Speckled Chub | Macrhybopsis aestivalis | Fish | 171 |
| Rufous Hummingbird | Selasphorus rufus | Birds | 170 |
| Oestrophasia calva | Oestrophasia calva | Insects | 169 |
| Pogonomyrmex anergismus | Pogonomyrmex anergismus | Insects | 168 |
| Gopher Snake | Pituophis catenifer | Reptiles | 168 |
| Turkey Vulture | Cathartes aura | Birds | 167 |
| Syscia madrensis | Syscia madrensis | Insects | 167 |
| Gila Monster | Heloderma suspectum | Reptiles | 166 |
| Mountain Patch-nosed Snake | Salvadora grahamiae | Reptiles | 166 |
| Clark's Spiny Lizard | Sceloporus clarkii | Reptiles | 165 |
| Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout | Oncorhynchus virginalis virginalis | Fish | 165 |
| Pronghorn | Antilocapra americana | Mammals | 164 |
| Red-tailed Squash Bee | Xenoglossa angustior | Insects | 164 |
| Western Black Widow | Latrodectus hesperus | Arachnids | 164 |
| Chihuahuan Mountain Kingsnake | Lampropeltis knoblochi | Reptiles | 163 |
| Abert's Squirrel | Sciurus aberti | Mammals | 163 |
| Orsilochides scurrilis | Orsilochides scurrilis | Insects | 162 |
| Dolopomyrmex pilatus | Dolopomyrmex pilatus | Insects | 162 |
| Thymoites pictipes | Thymoites pictipes | Arachnids | 161 |
| Twin-spotted Spiny Lizard | Sceloporus bimaculosus | Reptiles | 161 |
| Arizona Mustache Ant | Strumigenys arizonica | Insects | 160 |
| Murphy's Citronella Ant | Lasius murphyi | Insects | 159 |
| Ringtail | Bassariscus astutus | Mammals | 158 |
| Chihuahua Lubber | Phrynotettix tshivavensis | Insects | 158 |
| Holopogon sapphirus | Holopogon sapphirus | Insects | 157 |
| Phidippus tyrannus | Phidippus tyrannus | Arachnids | 157 |
| Baird's Sparrow | Centronyx bairdii | Birds | 156 |
| Scaled Quail | Callipepla squamata | Birds | 156 |
| Phoenix Jumping Spider | Phidippus phoenix | Arachnids | 155 |
| Zephyr Eyed Silkmoth | Automeris zephyria | Insects | 155 |
| Habronattus icenoglei | Habronattus icenoglei | Arachnids | 154 |
| Western Milksnake | Lampropeltis gentilis | Reptiles | 154 |
| Crazy Pyramid Ant | Dorymyrmex insanus | Insects | 153 |
| Pygmy Nuthatch | Sitta pygmaea | Birds | 153 |
| Eremobates suspectus | Eremobates suspectus | Arachnids | 152 |
| Jessica Underwing | Catocala jessica | Insects | 152 |
| Horned Ground Mantis | Yersiniops solitarius | Insects | 151 |
| Bighorn Sheep | Ovis canadensis | Mammals | 150 |
| Carabus forreri | Carabus forreri | Insects | 150 |
| Drowsy-eyed Sphinx | Smerinthus astarte | Insects | 149 |
| Juniper Titmouse | Baeolophus ridgwayi | Birds | 149 |
| Acanthostichus arizonensis | Acanthostichus arizonensis | Insects | 148 |
| Trachyrhachys coronata | Trachyrhachys coronata | Insects | 148 |
| Arizona Mantis | Stagmomantis limbata | Insects | 147 |
| Texas Brown Tarantula | Aphonopelma hentzi | Arachnids | 147 |
| Red-tailed Hawk | Buteo jamaicensis | Birds | 146 |
| Dusky Grouse | Dendragapus obscurus | Birds | 146 |
| Seven-spotted Lady Beetle | Coccinella septempunctata | Insects | 145 |
| Ascaloptynx appendiculata | Ascaloptynx appendiculata | Insects | 145 |
| White-winged Dove | Zenaida asiatica | Birds | 145 |
| Purslane Moth | Euscirrhopterus gloveri | Insects | 144 |
| Green Rat Snake | Senticolis triaspis | Reptiles | 143 |
| White-lined Sphinx | Hyles lineata | Insects | 143 |
| Odorous House Ant | Tapinoma sessile | Insects | 142 |
| Gunnison's Prairie Dog | Cynomys gunnisoni | Mammals | 142 |
| Schinia accessa | Schinia accessa | Insects | 141 |
| Mexican Spotted Owl | Strix occidentalis lucida | Birds | 140 |
| Western Sculptured Pine Borer | Chalcophora angulicollis | Insects | 140 |
| Ptychoglene coccinea | Ptychoglene coccinea | Insects | 138 |
| Bubble-gall tephritid | Aciurina trixa | Insects | 138 |
| Domestic Dog | Canis familiaris | Mammals | 137 |
| Northern Wheatear | Oenanthe oenanthe | Birds | 137 |
| Physonota disjuncta | Physonota disjuncta | Insects | 137 |
| Ochraceous Chimney Bee | Diadasia ochracea | Insects | 137 |
| Western Terrestrial Garter Snake | Thamnophis elegans | Reptiles | 136 |
| Strotarchus beepbeep | Strotarchus beepbeep | Arachnids | 136 |
| Red Admiral | Vanessa atalanta | Insects | 136 |
| Lasius creightoni | Lasius creightoni | Insects | 135 |
| Southwestern Orangetip | Anthocharis thoosa | Insects | 135 |
| Pipevine Swallowtail | Battus philenor | Insects | 134 |
| Lesser Goldfinch | Spinus psaltria | Birds | 134 |
| Chiricahua Pixie | Beameromyia occidentis | Insects | 133 |
| Downy Woodpecker | Dryobates pubescens | Birds | 132 |
| Rocky Mountain Agapema | Agapema homogena | Insects | 132 |
| Weidemeyer's Admiral | Limenitis weidemeyerii | Insects | 132 |
| White-nosed Coati | Nasua narica | Mammals | 131 |
| Topoff's Amazon Ant | Polyergus topoffi | Insects | 130 |
| American Robin | Turdus migratorius | Birds | 129 |
| Penthosia satanica | Penthosia satanica | Insects | 129 |
| Marsh Ramshorn | Planorbella trivolvis | Mollusks | 129 |
| Regal Horned Lizard | Phrynosoma solare | Reptiles | 128 |
| Obscure Darkling Beetle | Eleodes obscura | Insects | 127 |
| Hairy Tufted Jumping Spider | Phidippus comatus | Arachnids | 126 |
| Knightomiroides nigrovirgatus | Knightomiroides nigrovirgatus | Insects | 126 |
| Rivoli's Hummingbird | Eugenes fulgens | Birds | 125 |
| Zephyr Comma | Polygonia gracilis zephyrus | Insects | 125 |
| Playa Clam Shrimp | Leptestheria compleximanus | Other animals | 124 |
| Fiery Longhorn | Callicera montensis | Insects | 122 |
| Gray Fox | Urocyon cinereoargenteus | Mammals | 120 |
| Heliria clitella | Heliria clitella | Insects | 120 |
| Crinodes biedermani | Crinodes biedermani | Insects | 119 |
| Brown-capped Rosy-Finch | Leucosticte australis | Birds | 119 |
| Giant Desert Centipede | Scolopendra heros | Other animals | 118 |
| Banded Rock Rattlesnake | Crotalus lepidus klauberi | Reptiles | 117 |
| Swallow-tailed Kite | Elanoides forficatus | Birds | 117 |
| Western Earless Lizard | Holbrookia maculata | Reptiles | 116 |
| Green-bordered Ground Beetle | Pasimachus viridans | Insects | 115 |
| Thin-banded Lichen Moth | Cisthene tenuifascia | Insects | 115 |
| Dalcerides ingenita | Dalcerides ingenita | Insects | 114 |
| Eulithosia plesioglauca | Eulithosia plesioglauca | Insects | 113 |
| Phacelia Shortface | Dufourea mulleri | Insects | 112 |
| Yellow-legged Prospector | Ablautus flavipes | Insects | 111 |
| Western Bluebird | Sialia mexicana | Birds | 111 |
| Hadromeropsis opalina | Hadromeropsis opalina | Insects | 110 |
| Philoponella oweni | Philoponella oweni | Arachnids | 110 |
| Ring-necked Duck | Aythya collaris | Birds | 109 |
| urn gall midge | Rhopalomyia ampullaria | Insects | 109 |
| Whiskered Screech-Owl | Megascops trichopsis | Birds | 108 |
| Engineered wedge-shaped Beetle | Ptilophorus wrightii | Insects | 108 |
| Red-tailed Pennant | Brachymesia furcata | Insects | 107 |
| Desert Pupfish | Cyprinodon macularius | Fish | 106 |
| Say's Phoebe | Sayornis saya | Birds | 106 |
| Lasius colei | Lasius colei | Insects | 103 |
| Evening Grosbeak | Hesperiphona vespertina | Birds | 103 |
| Greater Scaup | Aythya marila | Birds | 102 |
| Malachite Darner | Remartinia luteipennis | Insects | 102 |
| Northern Flicker | Colaptes auratus | Birds | 102 |
| Groove-billed Ani | Crotophaga sulcirostris | Birds | 101 |
| Pandora Pinemoth | Coloradia pandora | Insects | 101 |
| Arizona Nomia | Dieunomia nevadensis arizonensis | Insects | 100 |
| Fan-tailed Warbler | Euthlypis lachrymosa | Birds | 99 |
| Punctate Little Bear Scarab Beetle | Paracotalpa puncticollis | Insects | 99 |
| Gray-crowned Rosy-Finch | Leucosticte tephrocotis | Birds | 98 |
| Anotia firebugia | Anotia firebugia | Insects | 97 |
| Woodhouse's Toad | Anaxyrus woodhousii | Amphibians | 97 |
| Sandia Hairstreak | Callophrys mcfarlandi | Insects | 96 |
| Calligrapha opifera | Calligrapha opifera | Insects | 95 |
| Psyllipsocus decoratus | Psyllipsocus decoratus | Insects | 94 |
| Desert Purple Martin | Progne subis hesperia | Birds | 93 |
| White-bowed Smoothwing | Scaeva affinis | Insects | 93 |
| Virile Crayfish | Faxonius virilis | Other animals | 92 |
| Cliff Chipmunk | Neotamias dorsalis | Mammals | 92 |
| Southwestern Fence Lizard | Sceloporus cowlesi | Reptiles | 92 |
| Pseudouroctonus santarita | Pseudouroctonus santarita | Arachnids | 91 |
| Yellow-eyed Junco | Junco phaeonotus | Birds | 90 |
| Phidippus tigris | Phidippus tigris | Arachnids | 89 |
| Morrison's Bumble Bee | Bombus morrisoni | Insects | 89 |
| Joppidium discolor | Joppidium discolor | Insects | 88 |
| Yellow-bellied Marmot | Marmota flaviventris | Mammals | 87 |
| Tylocentrus quadricornis | Tylocentrus quadricornis | Insects | 87 |
| Charlie Brown Blister Beetle | Pyrota palpalis | Insects | 86 |
| Thisbe's Tarantula-hawk Wasp | Pepsis thisbe | Insects | 86 |
| Savannah Sparrow | Passerculus sandwichensis | Birds | 84 |
| Lebia balli | Lebia balli | Insects | 83 |
| Satyr Comma | Polygonia satyrus | Insects | 83 |
| Hunter's Little Paper Wasp | Polistes dorsalis | Insects | 82 |
| Euderces bicinctus | Euderces bicinctus | Insects | 81 |
| Tansy Mustard Sweat Bee | Lasioglossum sisymbrii | Insects | 81 |
| White-breasted Nuthatch | Sitta carolinensis | Birds | 80 |
| Plateau Striped Whiptail | Aspidoscelis velox | Reptiles | 80 |
| Northern Black-tailed Rattlesnake | Crotalus molossus molossus | Reptiles | 79 |
| Collared Peccary | Pecari tajacu | Mammals | 78 |
| Arizona Bark Scorpion | Centruroides sculpturatus | Arachnids | 77 |
| Black-chinned Hummingbird | Archilochus alexandri | Birds | 77 |
| Neobrotica pluristicta | Neobrotica pluristicta | Insects | 76 |
| Camponotus cuauhtemoc | Camponotus cuauhtemoc | Insects | 76 |
| Long-tongued Bat | Choeronycteris mexicana | Mammals | 75 |
| North American Hoary Bat | Lasiurus cinereus cinereus | Mammals | 75 |
| Sonoran Coralsnake | Micruroides euryxanthus | Reptiles | 74 |
| Two-spotted Lady Beetle | Adalia bipunctata | Insects | 74 |
| Blunt-spined Big-headed Ant | Pheidole obtusospinosa | Insects | 73 |
| Black Rosy-Finch | Leucosticte atrata | Birds | 72 |
| Navajo Paper Wasp | Mischocyttarus navajo | Insects | 72 |
| Salina mulcahyae | Salina mulcahyae | Other animals | 71 |
| Wild Boar | Sus scrofa | Mammals | 70 |
| American Bumble Bee | Bombus pensylvanicus | Insects | 70 |
| Arizona Net-winged Beetle | Lycus arizonensis | Insects | 69 |
| Ringed Wall Gecko | Tarentola annularis | Reptiles | 68 |
| Least Hypocrisias | Hypocrisias minima | Insects | 66 |
| Micrathena funebris | Micrathena funebris | Arachnids | 65 |
| Roundtail Horned Lizard | Phrynosoma modestum | Reptiles | 65 |
| Orange-tipped Woodborer | Lithurgopsis apicalis | Insects | 64 |
| Queen | Danaus gilippus | Insects | 64 |
| Small White | Pieris rapae | Insects | 63 |
| Flame Skimmer | Libellula saturata | Insects | 62 |
| Snow Goose | Anser caerulescens | Birds | 61 |
| Black Scoter | Melanitta americana | Birds | 61 |
| Crematogaster emeryana | Crematogaster emeryana | Insects | 60 |
| Taracticus ruficaudus | Taracticus ruficaudus | Insects | 59 |
| Chelinidea hunteri | Chelinidea hunteri | Insects | 58 |
| Horse Lubber Grasshopper | Romalea eques | Insects | 57 |
| Falcon Sphinx | Xylophanes falco | Insects | 56 |
| Stamnodes fergusoni | Stamnodes fergusoni | Insects | 56 |
| Telegeusis nubifer | Telegeusis nubifer | Insects | 55 |
| Superstition Mountains Scorpion | Superstitionia donensis | Arachnids | 54 |
| Hepburn's Rosy-Finch | Leucosticte tephrocotis littoralis | Birds | 54 |
| Prosapia isobar | Prosapia isobar | Insects | 53 |
| Triatoma rubida | Triatoma rubida | Insects | 52 |
| Ruby-crowned Kinglet | Corthylio calendula | Birds | 52 |
| Giant Agave Bug | Acanthocephala thomasi | Insects | 51 |
| Red-spotted Toad | Anaxyrus punctatus | Amphibians | 50 |
| Steller's Jay | Cyanocitta stelleri | Birds | 50 |
| Rufous-capped Warbler | Basileuterus rufifrons | Birds | 49 |
| Emerald Euphoria | Euphoria fulgida | Insects | 49 |
| Chlorochlamys appellaria | Chlorochlamys appellaria | Insects | 47 |
| Bobcat | Lynx rufus | Mammals | 46 |
| Buff-collared Nightjar | Antrostomus ridgwayi | Birds | 46 |
| Large Grassland Tiger Beetle | Cicindelidia obsoleta | Insects | 46 |
| Indian-Meal Moth | Plodia interpunctella | Insects | 45 |
| Varacosa gosiuta | Varacosa gosiuta | Arachnids | 45 |
| Camponotus stupendus | Camponotus stupendus | Insects | 44 |
| Ten-lined June Beetle | Polyphylla decemlineata | Insects | 44 |
| Chrysoecia thoracica | Chrysoecia thoracica | Insects | 42 |
| Berylline Hummingbird | Saucerottia beryllina | Birds | 41 |
| Mexican Hognose Snake | Heterodon kennerlyi | Reptiles | 40 |
| Common Crane | Grus grus | Birds | 39 |
| Yellow-footed March fly | Bibio xanthopus | Insects | 38 |
| Sosippus californicus | Sosippus californicus | Arachnids | 37 |
| Western Paper Wasp | Mischocyttarus flavitarsis | Insects | 36 |
| Camponotus ocreatus | Camponotus ocreatus | Insects | 35 |
| Gray Flycatcher | Empidonax wrightii | Birds | 34 |
| Amycle tumacacoriae | Amycle tumacacoriae | Insects | 33 |
| Wood Duck | Aix sponsa | Birds | 32 |
| Pheidole xerophila | Pheidole xerophila | Insects | 31 |
| Misumenoides quetzaltocatl | Misumenoides quetzaltocatl | Arachnids | 30 |
| Calosoma haydeni haydeni | Calosoma haydeni haydeni | Insects | 30 |
| Clypeadon taurulus | Clypeadon taurulus | Insects | 29 |
| Bushtit | Psaltriparus minimus | Birds | 29 |
| Varied Bunting | Passerina versicolor | Birds | 28 |
| Black Legionary Ant | Neivamyrmex nigrescens | Insects | 27 |
| Prairie Racerunner | Aspidoscelis sexlineatus viridis | Reptiles | 26 |
| American Kestrel | Falco sparverius | Birds | 24 |
| Arizona Unicorn Mantis | Pseudovates arizonae | Insects | 24 |
| Nimble Squash Bee | Xenoglossa strenua | Insects | 23 |
| Pink Bantam | Mojavia achemonalis | Insects | 22 |
| Northern Orbweaver | Aculepeira packardi | Arachnids | 21 |
| Mule Deer | Odocoileus hemionus | Mammals | 20 |
| Paranomada nitida | Paranomada nitida | Insects | 19 |
| Harmostes reflexulus | Harmostes reflexulus | Insects | 19 |
| Platycryptus arizonensis | Platycryptus arizonensis | Arachnids | 18 |
| Condylostylus caudatus | Condylostylus caudatus | Insects | 17 |
| Holzner Cottontail | Sylvilagus holzneri | Mammals | 14 |
| Lycomorpha splendens | Lycomorpha splendens | Insects | 14 |
| Asellus Sphinx | Sphinx asellus | Insects | 13 |
| Lilian's Meadowlark | Sturnella lilianae lilianae | Birds | 13 |
| Pheidole militicida | Pheidole militicida | Insects | 12 |
| Laphria aimatis | Laphria aimatis | Insects | 12 |
| Gila Woodpecker | Melanerpes uropygialis | Birds | 9 |
| Black-velvet Flat-Nomad | Paranomada velutina | Insects | 8 |
| Hairy Woodpecker | Leuconotopicus villosus | Birds | 8 |
| Chiricahua glow-worm | Microphotus chiricahuae | Insects | 6 |
| Arizona Tan Mantis | Stagmomantis gracilipes | Insects | 5 |
| Sharp-shinned Hawk | Accipiter striatus | Birds | 5 |
| Phymata borica | Phymata borica | Insects | 4 |
| Acorn Woodpecker | Melanerpes formicivorus | Birds | 3 |
| Desert Millipede | Orthoporus ornatus | Other animals | 3 |
| Callistege diagonalis | Callistege diagonalis | Insects | 2 |
| Black-tailed Jackrabbit | Lepus californicus | Mammals | 2 |
| Greater Short-horned Lizard | Phrynosoma hernandesi | Reptiles | 1 |